Organisms and Populations
Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism
- Positive interaction includes mutualism/symbiosis/co-evolution, commensalism, proto-cooperation and scavengers.
- Mutualism (+/+) in organisms much possess obligate relationship. Eg: Termites – A flagellates ; Yucca – Pronuba (moth)
- Proto cooperation (+/+) exist in organisms with non-obligate relationship. Eg: Birds removing pest over the skin of animals self/cross pollination.
- Communalism (+/0) where one organism is benefited and other is almost unaffected. Eg: Epiphytes
- Exploitation, Amensalism, Competition are the three types of Negative interaction.
- Parasitism (+ : small / − : large) and predation (+ : large / − : small) are the 2 types of Exploitation.
- Hyper parasitism is when a parasite resides on another parasite. (Eg: Plasmodium residing in anopheles mosquito).
- Amensalism (−/0) is of 2 types Antibiosis and Allelopathy.
- Eg for Antibiosis
(i) Penicillium → Staphylococcus
(ii) Chlorello → Bacteria
(iii) BGA (microcystis) → Fishes by the production of Hydroxylamine. - Allelopathy is when plants producing toxic chemicals. Eg: Parthenium → Toxic chemical → Cassia tora
- Silver oak shows autopathy.
- Competition is the interaction b/w 2 species where both suffers (−/−) which is of 2 types interspecific and intraspecific.
Disclaimer: Compete.etutor.co may from time to time provide links to third party Internet sites under their respective fair use policy and it may from time to time provide materials from such third parties on this website. These third party sites and any third party materials are provided for viewers convenience and for non-commercial educational purpose only. Compete does not operate or control in any respect any information, products or services available on these third party sites. Compete.etutor.co makes no representations whatsoever concerning the content of these sites and the fact that compete.etutor.co has provided a link to such sites is NOT an endorsement, authorization, sponsorship, or affiliation by compete.etutor.co with respect to such sites, its services, the products displayed, its owners, or its providers.