Biomolecules

Nucleic acids (Biology)


  1. DNA is made up deoxy ribo necleotides arranged in a double stranded chain.
  2. Three components of a nucleotide are (i) Sugar (ii) Phosphate (iii) N2 bases
  3. Nucleotide – Phosphate = Nucleoside.
  4. Nitrogenous bases of DNA are Adenine (A), Thymidine (T), Guanine (G), and cytosine (C) Where A and G are purines; T and C are Pyrimidinines. RNA has uracil instead of Thymine
  5. The length of E.coli DNA is 4.6 × 106 BP and Human haploid DNA is 3.3 × 109 BP.
  6. The nucleotides in a DNA strand are connected to each other nucleotide by a phosphodiester bond (3 → 5 likage).
  7. Glycosidic linkage is created between N2 base and pentose sugar.
  8. The linkage between sugar and phosphate is made by covalent bond.
  9. The width of a DNA molecule is 20 A′ (P – P), 11.1A′ (Sugar – Sugar); 2.8 – 3.0A′ (4 bond)
  10. Length of a helix in a DNA is 34 A′ Hence distance between 2 nucleotide in a DNA is 3.4A′ As only 10 nucleotides are present in a helix 9 DNA.
  11. Watson and crick proposed the model of Double helical structure 9 DNA with the help of chargaff and franklin t wilkins.
  12. A pairs with T ; G pains with C; amount of 1 = amount & A; amount & 4 = amount & C with 2H bonds with 3H bonds
    A+T/ G+C ratio is constant for the species, are the rule of chargaff.
  13. Franklin and wilkins performed X-ray crystallography to prove the crystalline nature g DNA, diameter, length and its helical nature.
  14. One end of DNA is represented by ′5″ as its 5th carbon atom possess free hydroxyl group. Other end of DNA is marked by ‘3’ as its 3rd carbon atom possess free hydroxyl group.
  15. DNA runs antiparallel in nature. A, B, C, D [right handed] and Z [left handed] are the different types g DNA , in which type B is found in human beings.
  16. DNA is packed as chromosomes with the half of histone proteins (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4) in which H1 is linked DNA and rest proteins act as dimer finally to get atamer structure.
  17. DNA is negatively charged which binds with positively charged histones which is made up of positively charged amino acids like lysine and Arginine.
Nucleotide Nucleoside
Adenine Adenosine
Thymine Thymidine
Guanine Guanosine
Cytosine Cytidine
Uracil Uridine

DNA in Prokaryotes in Circular and prokaryotes are linear.

View this video for the topic Nucleic acids from 26:56 to 53:37

Disclaimer: Compete.etutor.co may from time to time provide links to third party Internet sites under their respective fair use policy and it may from time to time provide materials from such third parties on this website. These third party sites and any third party materials are provided for viewers convenience and for non-commercial educational purpose only. Compete does not operate or control in any respect any information, products or services available on these third party sites. Compete.etutor.co makes no representations whatsoever concerning the content of these sites and the fact that compete.etutor.co has provided a link to such sites is NOT an endorsement, authorization, sponsorship, or affiliation by compete.etutor.co with respect to such sites, its services, the products displayed, its owners, or its providers.