Biomolecules

Lipids


  • Lipids are termed by William Bloor, which provides double energy with hydrophobic nature, that solubilize in organic non-polar solvents.
  • Lipids do not form a polymer and it is a micromolecule.
  • Essential fatty acids are linoleic acid, linolenic acid, Arachidonic acid
  • Saturated fatty acids / Trans fat do not possess double bonds Eg: Palmitic acid, stearic acid.
  • Unsaturated fatty acids possess one or more double bonds with a lower melting point. Eg: Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid with one, two, and three double bonds in them.
  • Mackerel, a fish produces oil that contains ω-3 fatty acids.
  • Waxes are fatty acid esters of long chain, monohydroxy alcohol like cetyl, ceryl (or) mericyl. Eg: Plant wax, Animal wax, Beeswax, wax D, Paraffin.
  • Other important types of lipids are Suberin, Phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids and steroids.
  • Glycolipids accumulation causes Taysach’s disease.
  • Stevols are the major steroids. Eg: Cholesterol (C27H45OH), Gonadal hormones, Digoxin etc.,
  • Diosgenin obtained from Dioscorea has antifertility properties which can be converted into progesterone using marker’s degradation method.
  • Liver mainly synthesizes cholesterol which is of two types LDL (Low-density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High-density Lipoprotein) where HDL is good Cholesterol.

View this video for the topic Lipids from 5:41 to 26:54

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