Biomolecules

Enzymes


  • Enzymes are proteins (except Ribozyme, made up of RNA) which are biocatalysts that increase the reaction rate by decreasing the activation energy required by the molecules.
  • The number of substrate molecules converted into product per unit time by one mole of an enzyme in favourable condition.
  • Protein part of the enzyme is apoenzyme. Which when binds to a non-protein part called cofactor, to form a complete holoenzyme.
  • Cofactors are of 3 types – (i) coenzymes (loosely bound with enzyme); (ii) Prosthetic group (light binding with enzyme); (iii) Metal Ions.
  • Enzymes that are similar in action but different in the molecular configuration are called Isoenzymes.
  • Enzymes action is proposed by Fisher (Lock and key model) and Koshland (induced fit theory).
  • In lock and key model, enzymes are considered to be a lock and the substrate is the key and enzyme here thought to be static.
  • The induced fit theory states that the enzyme is not static but it induces a confirmatory change to activity bind with the substrate.
  • pH and temperature should be miniumum.
  • Rate of initial reaction \tt eV_{0}=\frac{V_{max}\left[s\right]}{k_{m}\left[s\right]}.
    Where km is the michallis constant\tt \left[km^{2}=\frac{V_{m}qx}{2}\right]

View this video for the topic Enzymes from 7:39 to 1:04:11

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