P - Block Elements
Elements and Compounds of Group-18
- Zero group of periodic table includes gaseous elements, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and a radioactive element radon (Rn). These elements are characterised by ns2 np6 general electronic configuration.
- On having very stable electronic configuration in their valency shell they are chemically inert and are known as inert gases (or) noble gases.
- Argon is most abundant of all noble gases in the atmosphere.
- CP/CV ratio of these gases is 1.67. This shows that all these gases are mono atomic in nature.
- The different noble gases are absorbed by coconut charcoal at different temperatures. It provides a mean to separate these gases from one another.
- The ease of liquefaction increases with increase in atomic number i.e from He to Rn because vander waal's attraction increases in same order.
- Helium is used in helium thermometer for measuring extremely low temperatures.
- Neon is used widely in preparing neon signals in many electronic appliances.
Colour change and Neon glass tube
S.No | Types of mixture | Types of glass tube | Colour of the light produced |
1 | Neon | Colourless | Orange red |
2 | Neon | light red | deep red |
3 | Neon-Argon | Colourless | ripple effect |
4 | Ne, Ar, Hg vapours | Colourless | Light blue |
5 | Ne, Ar, Hg vapours | Purple | dark blue |
6 | Ne, Ar, Hg vapours | green | Light green |
- Argon is mainly used in filling electrical lamps.
- Krypton is used in filling luminous sign tubes and filament lamps.
- Radon is used in the preparation of ointments for treatment of cancer.
- The xenon fluorides are useful fluorinating agents.
Stable compounds of Xe
Compound | Oxidation state of Xe | Hybridization | No.of lone pair of electrons | Shape |
XeF2 | +2 | sp3d | 3 | Linear |
XeF4 | +4 | sp3d2 | 2 | Square Planar |
XeF6 | +6 | sp3d3 | 1 | Distorted pentagonal bipyramidal |
XeOF2 | +4 | sp3d | 2 | T-shaped |
XeOF4 | +6 | sp3d2 | 1 | Square pyramidal |
XeO3 | 6 | sp3 | 1 | Pyramidal |
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